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Waste Reduction: What it is, and What it isn't

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Reducing waste is more than just recycling. It involves stopping waste and pollution where it starts, by using less of something in the first place -- whether it's paper, energy, packaging or anything that could be used more efficiently. It's the first step in a total approach to solving waste problems. The Be SMART Conservation Challenge seek projects that reduce waste or pollution, save energy or conserve water. Since recycling basic materials like paper, cans and bottles is well established in Wisconsin , Be SMART is not looking for ordinary recycling projects. Projects should follow the principles of reducing, reuse and recycling, otherwise known as the Waste Hierarchy.

The Waste Hierarchy

Use this method to find the best solution to a garbage or pollution problem. Think about a solution at the top of the Hierarchy first; if the top solution is not practical for some reason, consider the next level and so on.

  1. REDUCE - use less stuff: This is the best solution. Ask, "How could this waste or pollution have been prevented in the first place?" Minimizing or eliminating packaging, using durable, long-lasting products or sending messages by e-mail instead of postal mail (provided the e-mail is not printed out) are some simple examples of waste reduction. Starting a carpool program or eliminating soil erosion that contributes run-off to a stream are some ways to prevent pollution. Waste reduction conserves resources and saves money as well as landfill space.


  2. REUSE - use stuff again : Consider reuse of waste items that can't be eliminated through reduction. Use paper that's already been used on one side or give unwanted clothing or toys to an organization like Goodwill. Think of common household items that are often disposed of, but could easily be reused. For example, latex paint is often purchased, but half the can goes unused. Can you think of other reuse ideas?


  3. RECYCLE or COMPOST - make old stuff into new stuff : You've done what you can to Reduce and Reuse, but you still have some waste right? Try using the third best choice on the Waste Hierarchy. Recycling involves reprocessing waste materials to make new materials. Wisconsin municipalities collect paper, glass, steel, aluminum and some plastic containers for recycling. There are opportunities to establish recycling projects for materials that are not yet recycled as part of Wisconsin law, such as computers, televisions, cell phones and other electronics.


    Composting also fits into the Waste Hierarchy as a third priority. Composting is managing organic materials like grass clippings and food scraps so they decompose and enrich the soil.


  4. Landfilling or Incineration - The final option : When wastes are not reduced, reused or recycled, municipalities and businesses must arrange for their disposal in a certified landfill or incinerator with energy recovery. The goal of the Waste Hierarchy is to bring the amount of material landfilled or incinerated to a minimum.


Now that you understand the Waste Hierarchy, it is time to choose a waste problem that you are excited about tackling. Carrying out a waste reduction project takes some thinking - it's all based on clever solutions, new partnerships and creative ideas. Continue on to the next page to get some ideas for your project.

 

Next: Project Ideas